| Year | Month | Day | Story Title | Article | Primary | Secondary | Tertiary | Famous Person |
|---|
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Thomas Edison zapping animals | Thomas Edison began zapping animals to demonstrate the supposed danger of alternating current, a mode of power favored by his rival George Westinghouse. This supposedly led to the development of the electric chair for executing criminals. | Science | Technology | Electricity | Thomas Edison |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Anti-Semitism in France | Anti-Semitism in France spread as a creed to the Catholic, royalist right. A belief was rampant that there existed a Jewish syndicate whose occult influence had shaped French affairs since the Revolution.This belief inspired The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and a book by Edouard Drumont titled Jewish France that sold through 200 editions. | Religion | Church | Catholic | Edouard Drumont |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | New dog breed. | In Germany Louis Doberman, a night watchman and keeper of the local dog pound, refined the dog that bears his name into a fierce creature. | Science | Paleontology | Evolution | Louis Doberman |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Namibia was made a German protectorate and the deadly Deutsche Schutzruppe peacekeeping regiment quelled the tribes. They eventually annihilated 75% of the Herero and Nama peoples. | | Military | Battle | | Namibia |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | El Mahdi, a Muslim leader, united the disparate tribes of Sudan. | | Religion | Church | | El Mahdi |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | phenomenon of tonalism | The art phenomenon of tonalism was a darker cousin to Impressionism. Some of its practitioners were George Innes, Thomas WilmerDewing and J. Alden Weir. | Culture | Art | | Thomas Wilmer Dewing |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Lev Ivanov was the second ballet master of the St. Petersburg imperial theaters, assistant to Marius Petipa. | | Culture | Music | Dance | Lev Ivanov |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Rodin worked on his Gates of Hell over this period. | | Culture | Art | | Rodin |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | The Beaux-Arts sytle of building | The Beaux-Arts style defined Manhattan building over this period. It was named after the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris where many American architects studied. The style reflects a modern interpretationof classical references, e.g. columns, domes, carved marble and workedbronze. | Culture | Aesthetic | | Ecole des Beaux-Arts |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | The population of Congo was halved due to murder, starvation, exhaustion, exposure, disease, and a lowered birth rate due to the exploitation by King Leopold II. | | Disaster | Disease | | King Leopold II |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Lytton Strachey, English biographer: Uninterpreted truth is as useless as buried gold. | | Culture | Literature | | Lytton Strachey |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Oswald Spengler, German philosopher, author of the Decline of the West. | | Culture | Literature | Book | Oswald Spengler |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Robert Musil, Austrian writer. His work included The Man Without Qualities. | | Culture | Literature | Book | Robert Musil |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | American painter tries to create the sensory experience of being in nature with art. | Arthur Dove, American painter, was a native of upstate New York and received a stipend from Duncan Phillips at age 50 that allowed him to paint full time. He reduced natural forms to what he called extractions and tried to create the sensory experience of being in nature. | Culture | Art | Painting | Arthur Dove |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Channing Pollock, American author and dramatist: Happiness is a way station between too much and too little. | | Culture | Literature | Book | Channing Pollock |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | B.C. Forbes, Scottish journalist: You have no idea how big the other fellow's troubles are. | | Culture | Literature | Book | B.C. Forbes |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | American author writes new books | H.L. Mencken, American author and journalist: It is the dull man who is always sure, and the sure man who is always dull.One may no more live in the world without picking up the moral prejudices of the world than one will be able to go to Hell without perspiring. Injusticeis relatively easy to bear; what stings is justice. | Culture | Literature | Book | H.L. Mencken |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Dame Christabel Pankhurst, English suffragist: Never lose your temper with the press or the public is a major rule of political life. | | Culture | | | Dame Christabel Pakhurst |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Kathleen Norris, American author: Each and every one of us has one obligation, during the bewildered days of our pilgrimage here:the saving of his own soul, and secondarily and incidentally thereby affecting for good such other souls as come under our influence. | | Culture | Literature | Book | Kathleen Norris |
", "| 1880 | 6 | 29 | France annexed Tahiti. | | Military | | | |
", "| 1880 | 6 | 27 | Helen Adams Keller was born | Helen Adams Keller author,social reformer, educator, lecturer, was born in Tuscumbia, Ala. She lost her sight and hearing at 19 months of age from a fever. She received a college degree and became an author (Let us Have Faith) and lecturer despite being blind and deaf most of her life. Helen Keller died in Westport, Connecticut.No matter how dull, or how mean, or how wise a man is, he feels that happiness is his indisputable right. There is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his. | Birth | Author | | Helen Keller |
", "| 1880 | 7 | 11 | Jeannette Rankin was born | Jeannette Rankin, Congresswoman from Montana, the first woman in Congress who also voted against U.S. participation in both world wars, was born. | Birth | Author | | Jeannette Rankin |
", "| 1880 | 7 | 25 | Morris Raphel Cohen was born | Morris Raphel Cohen, American philosopher and mathematician, was born. | Birth | Other | | Morris Raphel Cohen |
", "| 1880 | 8 | 1 | Sir Frederick Roberts freed the British Afghanistan garrison of Kandahar from Afghan rebels. | | Military | Battle | Rebellion | Sir Frederick Roberts |
", "| 1880 | 8 | 31 | Queen Wilhelmina was born | Queen Wilhelmina of Netherlands was born. She reigned from 1890-1947. | Birth | Other | | Queen Wihelmina |
", "| 1880 | 9 | 12 | H.L. Mencken was born | H.L. Mencken, American author and newspaperman for the Baltimore Sun, was born in Baltimore. He wrote The American Language. Nietzschean iconoclast H.L. Mencken referred to BoobusAmericanus and was cynical about American democracy. Mencken won fame as a journalist with the Baltimore Morning Herald and Baltimore Sun, editor of The American Mercury magazine and as a literary critic. Very popularin the post-WWI period, Mencken's literary criticism was instrumental in bringing writers such as D.H. Lawrence, Ford Madox Ford and Sherwood Andersonto the fore. | Birth | Author | | H.L. Mencken |
", "| 1880 | 10 | 14 | Apache leader Victorio was slain in Mexico. | | Death | Soldier | | Victorio |
", "| 1880 | 10 | 27 | Theodore Roosevelt married Alice Lee. | | Marriage | Politician | American | Theodore Roosevelt |
", "| 1880 | 11 | 1 | Sholem Asch was born | Sholem Asch, Polish-born American novelist, was born. He wrote The Nazarene and The Apostle, Mary. | Birth | Author | | Sholem Asch |
", "| 1880 | 11 | 2 | James A. Garfield was elected president | James A. Garfield was elected 20th president. During the Civil War, Garfield was a commander at the bloody fight at Chickamauga. | Government | Election | | James Garfield |
", "| 1880 | 11 | 21 | Adolph Arthur Marx was born | Adolph Arthur (Harpo) Marx, inventive American pantomimist who never spoke a line in his many movies, which he starred in alongside his brothers, was born. | Birth | Entertainer | | Adolph Arthur Harpo |
", "| 1880 | 6 | 5 | Wild woman of the west Myra Maybelle Shirley married Sam Starr even though records show she was already married to Bruce Younger. | | Marriage | Other | | Myra Maybelle |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Summer, Robert Louis Stevenson and his new wife, Fanny Osbourne, honeymooned at Mount St. Helena. | He moved to an abandoned mining camp inthe Palisades cliffs above Napa Valley and worked on his novel TreasureIsland. He made notes for his book Silverado Squatters. | Culture | Literature | Book | Robert Louis Stevenson |
", "| 1880 | 6 | 29 | France annexed Tahiti. | | Military | Incident | | |
", "| 1880 | 6 | 27 | Helen Adams Keller (d. Jun 1, 1968 at 87) author,social reformer, educator, lecturer, was born in Tuscumbia, Ala. She losther sight and hearing at 19 months of age from a fever. | She received acollege degree and became an author (Let us Have Faith) and lecturer despitebeing blind and deaf most of her life. Helen Keller died in Westport, Connecticut.No matter how dull, or how mean, or how wise a man is, he feels that happiness is his indisputable right. There is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his. | Culture | Literature | Biography | Helen Adams Keller |
", "| 1880 | 7 | 11 | Jeannette Rankin, Congresswoman from Montana, thefirst woman in Congress who also voted against U.S. participation in bothworld wars, was born. | | Government | | | Jeannette Rankin |
", "| 1880 | 7 | 25 | Morris Raphel Cohen, American philosopher and mathematician, was born. | | Birth | Other | | Morris Raphel Cohen |
", "| 1880 | 8 | 1 | Sir Frederick Roberts freed the British Afghanistan garrison of Kandahar from Afghan rebels. | | Military | Incident | | Sir Frederick Roberts |
", "| 1880 | 8 | 31 | Queen Wilhelmina of Netherlands (d. Nov 28, 1962at 82) was born. She reigned from 1890-1947. | | Birth | Politician | | Queen Wilhelmina |
", "| 1880 | 9 | 12 | H.L. Mencken (d. Jan 29, 1956), American author and newspaperman for the Baltimore Sun, was born in Baltimore. | He wrote TheAmerican Language. Nietzschean iconoclast H.L. Mencken referred to BoobusAmericanus and was cynical about American democracy. Mencken won fameas a journalist with the Baltimore Morning Herald and Baltimore Sun, editorof The American Mercury magazine and as a literary critic. Very popularin the post-WWI period, Mencken's literary criticism was instrumental inbringing writers such as D.H. Lawrence, Ford Madox Ford and Sherwood Andersonto the fore. | Birth | Author | | H.L. Mencken |
", "| 1880 | 10 | 14 | Apache leader Victorio was slain in Mexico. seeOct 15 | | Death | Politician | | Victorio |
", "| 1880 | 10 | 15 | Victorio, feared leader of the Minbreno Apache, was killed by Mexican troops in northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico. see Oct 14 | | Death | Politician | | Victorio |
", "| 1880 | 10 | 27 | Theodore Roosevelt married Alice Lee. | | Marriage | Politician | American | Theodore Roosevelt |
", "| 1880 | 11 | 1 | Sholem Asch, Polish-born American novelist, was born. He wrote The Nazarene and The Apostle, Mary. | | Birth | Author | | Sholem Asch |
", "| 1880 | 11 | 2 | James A. Garfield was elected 20th president. | During the Civil War, Garfield was a commander at the bloody fight at Chickamauga. | Government | Election | | James A. Garfield |
", "| 1880 | 11 | 21 | Adolph Arthur Harpo Marx, inventive American pantomimist who never spoke a line in his many movies, which he starred in alongsidehis brothers, was born. | | Birth | Entertainer | | Adolph Arthur Harpo Marx |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Monet painted Sunset on the Seine in Winter. | | Culture | Art | Paint | Monet |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Thomas Moran painted Lower Manhattan From Communipaw, NewJersey. | | Culture | Art | Paint | Thomas Moran |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Berthe Morisot painted the riverscape Boats on the Seine. | | Culture | Art | Paint | Berthe Morisot |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Renoir began his painting Luncheon of the Boating Party, [The Rower's Lunch] the culmination of a decade of riverscapes. | It depicteda scene at the Restaurant Fournaise on the banks of the Seine at a spotknown as La Grenouillere (the frog pond). It was completed in 1881 andsold to Duncan Philips in 1923 for $125,000. | Culture | Art | Paint | Renoir |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Vincent Van Gogh ended his career as a theology student and began painting. | | Culture | Art | Paint | Vincent Van Gogh |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Joaquin Maria Machado de Assis (1839-1908), Brazilian mulatto writer, wrote his novel The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas. The Oxford Library of Latin America published a new edition in 1998. | | Culture | Literature | writer | Joaquin Maria Machado de Assis |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Gen. Lew Wallace (1827-1905) of Indiana published Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ. Some of book was written while Wallace was livingin Santa Fe at El Palacio as the Territorial governor in the 1870s. | | Culture | Literature | writer | Gen. Lew Wallace |
", "| 1880 | 3 | 14 | Blackwood historical simulation begins | | Science | Technology | Buggy | |
", "| 1880 | 3 | 14 | Lumber Town is established southeast of Blackwood | | Science | Invention | | |
", "| 1880 | 3 | 14 | Railroad is completed as far as Lumber Town | | Economics | Construction | | |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Military reserves in the eastern and central portion of northern dakota were opened to homesteading | | Military | | | American Army |
", "| 1880 | 1 | 26 | Douglas MacArthur (d.1964), U.S. general in WorldWar I, was born | He was the youngest general in the U.S. Army in WW I.In World War II he was the commander of all U.S. Army forces in the SouthPacific; in Korea he commanded all United Nations forces. William Manchesterwrote his biography: American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur. | Birth | Soldier | | Douglas MacArthur |
", "| 1880 | 1 | 27 | Thomas Edison received a patent for his electricincandescent lamp. | | Science | Technology | Electricity | Thomas Edison |
", "| 1880 | 1 | 29 | W.C. Fields, comedian and actor, was born. | His films included David Copperfield and My Little Chickadee. | Birth | Entertainer | | W.C. Fields |
", "| 1880 | 1 | 0 | Anselm Feuerbach, German painter and close friend ofJohannes Brahms, died. | | Death | Other | | Anselm Feuerbach |
", "| 1880 | 3 | 8 | President Rutherford B. Hays declared that the United States would have jurisdiction over any canal built across the isthmusof Panama. | | Military | Intervention | | Rutherford B. Hay |
", "| 1880 | 3 | 10 | The Salvation Army arrived in the United States from England | The organization had been founded in Britain by William Booth,a street preacher. It drew on revivalism and attention-getting tactics.In 1980 Edward McKinley authored Marching To Glory, a definitive historyof the army. In 1999 Diane Winston published Red-Hot and Righteous, ahistory of the army's efforts in New York up to 1950. | Religion | Church | | William Both |
", "| 1880 | 3 | 23 | John Stevens of Neenah, Wis., patented the graincrushing mill. | This mill allowed flour production to increase by 70 percent. | Science | Invention | | John Steven |
", "| 1880 | 3 | 26 | Duncan Hines, U.S. restaurant guide author, was born. | | Birth | Author | | Duncan Hines |
", "| 1880 | 3 | 31 | Wabash, Ind., became the first town completely illuminated by electrical lighting. | | Science | Technology | Electricity | |
", "| 1880 | 3 | 0 | In NYC the Metropolitan Museum opened its new building on Fifth Ave. | Its crown jewel was the Cesnola collection of antiquitiesof Cypriot artifacts collected by Luigi Palma de Cesnola. Cesnola was namedthe first director. | Culture | | | Luis Palma de Cesnola |
", "| 1880 | 4 | 10 | Frances Perkins, Labor secretary, first woman cabinet member in an American Administration, was born. | | Birth | Politician | | Frances Perkins |
", "| 1880 | 4 | 15 | William Gladstone became Prime Minister of England. | | Government | Election | | William Gladstone |
", "| 1880 | 4 | 17 | National Bell reached a settlement with Western Union and became the American Bell Telephone Co. | Economy | Money | Trades | | |
", "| 1880 | 4 | 19 | The Times war correspondent telephoned a report ofthe battle of Ahmed Khel | the first time news was sent from a field ofbattle in this manner. | Military | Battle | | |
", "| 1880 | 5 | 11 | A US Marshal and his deputies faced a group of farmers in the San Joaquin Valley of California over a land dispute between thefarmers and the Southern Pacific Railroad. | The farmers had developed anirrigation system that turned the land into a rich agricultural area andthe Railroad then claimed the land for itself and won a suit to that effect.Seven men were killed in what became known as the battle of Mussel Slough. | Military | Battle | | |
", "| 1880 | 5 | 29 | Oswald Spengler, German philosopher of history, was born | He maintained that every culture grows, matures and decays. He wrote the book : The Decline of the West. | Birth | Author | | Oswald Spengler |
", "| 1880 | 6 | 1 | The U.S. census stood at 50,155,783. | | Government | | | |
", "| 1880 | 6 | 5 | Wild woman of the west Myra Maybelle Shirley married Sam Starr even though records show she was already married to Bruce Younger. | | Marriage | | | Myra Maybelle Shirley |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Robert Louis Stevenson and his new wife, Fanny Osbourne, honeymooned at Mount St. Helena | He moved to an abandoned mining camp inthe Palisades cliffs above Napa Valley and worked on his novel TreasureIsland. He made notes for his book: Silverado Squatters | Marriage | Author | | Robert Louis Stevenson |
", "| 1880 | 6 | 29 | France annexed Tahiti. | | Military | Intervention | | |
", "| 1880 | 6 | 27 | Helen Adams Keller (d. Jun 1, 1968 at 87) author,social reformer, educator, lecturer, was born in Tuscumbia, Ala | She losther sight and hearing at 19 months of age from a fever. She received acollege degree and became an author (Let us Have Faith) and lecturer despitebeing blind and deaf most of her life. Helen Keller died in Westport, Connecticut.No matter how dull, or how mean, or how wise a man is, he feels that happiness is his indisputable right.There is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his. | Death | Author | | Helen Adam Keller |
", "| 1880 | 7 | 11 | Jeannette Rankin, Congresswoman from Montana, thefirst woman in Congress who also voted against U.S. participation in bothworld wars, was born. | | Birth | Politician | | Jeannette Rankin |
", "| 1880 | 7 | 25 | Morris Raphel Cohen, American philosopher and mathematician, was born. | | Birth | | | Morris Raphael Cohen |
", "| 1880 | 8 | 1 | Sir Frederick Roberts freed the British Afghanistangarrison of Kandahar from Afghan rebels | | Military | Soldier | Warrior | Sir Frederick Roberts |
", "| 1880 | 8 | 31 | Queen Wilhelmina of Netherlands (d. Nov 28, 1962at 82) was born | She reigned from 1890-1947 | Birth | Politician | | Queen Wilhelmina |
", "| 1880 | 9 | 12 | 1880 Sep 12, H.L. Mencken (d. Jan 29, 1956), American author and newspaperman for the Baltimore Sun, was born in Baltimore. | He wrote TheAmerican Language Nietzschean iconoclast H.L. Mencken referred to BoobusAmericanus and was cynical about American democracy. Mencken won fameas a journalist with the Baltimore Morning Herald and Baltimore Sun, editorof The American Mercury magazine and as a literary critic. Very popularin the post-WWI period, Mencken's literary criticism was instrumental inbringing writers such as D.H. Lawrence, Ford Madox Ford and Sherwood Andersonto the fore | Birth | Author | | H.L.Mencken |
", "| 1880 | 10 | 14 | Apache leader Victorio was slain in Mexico. | | Death | Soldier | | Victorio |
", "| 1880 | 10 | 15 | Victorio, feared leader of the Minbreno Apache, was killed by Mexican troops in northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico | | Death | Soldier | | Victorio |
", "| 1880 | 10 | 27 | Theodore Roosevelt married Alice Lee | | Marriage | Politician | American | Theodore Roosevelt |
", "| 1880 | 11 | 1 | Sholem Asch, Polish-born American novelist, was born | He wrote The Nazarene and The Apostle, Mary | Birth | Author | | Sholem Asch |
", "| 1880 | 11 | 2 | James A. Garfield was elected 20th president. | During the Civil War, Garfield was a commander at the bloody fight at Chickamauga. | Government | Election | | James A. Garfield |
", "| 1880 | 11 | 21 | Adolph Arthur Marx, inventive American pantomimist who never spoke a line in his many movies, which he starred in alongsidehis brothers, was born. | | Birth | Entertainer | | Adolph Arthur Marx |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Monet painted Sunset on the Seine in Winter | | Culture | Art | Fine arts | Monet |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Thomas Moran painted Lower Manhattan From Communipaw, NewJersey. | | Culture | Art | Fine arts | Thomas Moran |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Berthe Morisot painted the riverscape Boats on the Seine. | | Culture | Art | Fine arts | Berth Morisot |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Renoir began his painting Luncheon of the Boating Party | It depicteda scene at the Restaurant Fournaise on the banks of the Seine at a spotknown as La Grenouillere (the frog pond). It was completed in 1881 andsold to Duncan Philips in 1923 for $125,000. | Culture | Art | Fine arts | Renoir |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Vincent Van Gogh ended his career as a theology student and began painting. | | Culture | Art | Fine arts | Vincent Van Gogh |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Joaquin Maria Machado de Assis (1839-1908), Brazilian mulatto writer, wrote his novel The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas | The Oxford Library of Latin America published a new edition in 1998. | Culture | Literature | Book | Joaquin Maria Machado de Assis |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Gen. Lew Wallace (1827-1905) of Indiana published Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ. | Some of book was written while Wallace was livingin Santa Fe at El Palacio as the Territorial governor in the 1870s. | Culture | Literature | Book | Gen. Lew Wallace |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Heidi's Years of Wandering and Learning was published | It was later made famous by a film version with Shirley Temple. It waspartly set in Maienfeld, Switzerland. | Culture | Literature | Book | Shirley Temple |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | In California Folsom Prison began operations. | | Law | Crime | Outlaw | |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Caroline Romney hauled in printing presses to a tent witha sawdust floor and started the Record in Durango, Colo. | | Economics | Business | | Caroline Romney |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | William Grace, shipping magnate, was elected mayor of NewYork City | His election put the Irish in control of city politics. | Government | Election | | William Grace |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Maria Longworth Nichols founded the Rookwood Pottery firmin Cincinnati. | The firm operated until 1941. Decorators for the firm included Albert Valentien, Carl Schmidt, Kataro Shirayamadani and Matthew Daly. | Economics | Business | | Maria Longworth Nichols |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | The industrial force exceeded the number of people engagedin agriculture in the United States and Germany. | | Economics | Labor | | |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Tuscon, Arizona. The railroad came into the city. | | Economics | Business | | |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | Juneau was born when prospectors hit a mother lode on Gastineau Channel. | Juneau was settled soon after a gold strike nearby by RichardHarris and Joe Juneau. | Birth | | | Juneau |
", "| 1880 | 0 | 0 | George M. Pullman established his own industrial communityat Lake Calumet, south of Chicago | His company town provided homes for2,500 workers along with schools, parks churches and a hotel. | Economics | Business | | George M. Pullman |
", "
"}
| Year | Month | Day | Story Title | Article | Primary | Secondary | Tertiary | Famous Person |
|---|
", "| 1881 | 7 | 2 | 20th President of the United States, James Garfield, was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau | Guiteau wanted to be appointed consul to France and shot Garfield less than four months after his inauguration. Garfield lived out the summer with a fractured spine and seemed to be gaining strength until he caught a chill and died on September 19. Guiteau was apprehended at the time of the shooting and, in spite of an insanity defense, was convicted of murder. | Military | | | James Garfield |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 4 | In Alabama Tuskegee Institute enrolled 30 students. | It was founded by former slave Booker T. Washington as a 'normal' school and industrial institute where 'colored' people with little or no formal schooling could be trained as teachers and skilled workers. | Law | Abolitionism | | Booker T. Washington |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 14 | Outlaw Billy The Kid was shot and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. | Billy had been held in Lincoln County Courthouse jail but escaped and killed two guards and fled to Fort Sumner on a tip. Garrett set out toward Fort Sumner to find him, with lawmen John Poe and Thomas C. 'Kip' McKinney. According to some, Pete Maxwell had alerted Poe to The Kid's whereabouts. Many details about his death are controversial but, apparently, as he was returning to Maxwell's house when he came upon Poe and McKinney outside. Unsure of whether they were friends or foes he went inside where Garrett was waiting. As The Kid entered the room, Garrett shot him above the heart. His tombstone read: 'Billy the Kid, boy bandit king. He died as he lived.' | Law | Crime | Outlaw | Billy The Kid |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 20 | Sitting Bull surrendered to federal troops | The Sioux Indian leader was a fugitive since the Battle of the Little Big Horn. | Military | Battle | Surrender | Sitting Bull |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 22 | The first volume of 'The War of the Rebellion' was published | It was a compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. | Culture | Literature | Book | |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 0 | US Army Lt. Augustus W. Greely led a scientific expedition to Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic and called the site Ft. Conger. | 25 American soldiers set forth to establish a scientific base in the Arctic. There were only 6 survivors. | Science | Geology | | Lt. Augustus W. Greely |
", "| 1881 | 8 | 6 | Alexander Fleming was born. | He will be a British-Scottish bacteriologist who co-discovered penicillin in 1928 | Birth | Other | | Alexander Fleming |
", "| 1881 | 8 | 12 | Cecil B. DeMille was born. | He will attend the New York Academy Of Dramatic Arts and in 1900 will begin working on plays with his older brother William. He will become a household name for directing, producing, and writing his most famous movie, 'The Ten Commandments'. | Birth | Entertainer | | Cecil B. DeMille |
", "| 1881 | 8 | 13 | The first African-American nursing school opened at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia. | | Science | Medicine | | |
", "| 1881 | 9 | 4 | The Edison electric lighting system was switched on and went into operation as a generator serving 85 paying customers. | | Science | Technology | Electricity | |
", "| 1881 | 9 | 19 | The 20th president of the United States, James A.Garfield, died of wounds inflicted by assassin, Charles J. Guiteau. | | Death | Politician | | James A. Garfield |
", "| 1881 | 9 | 20 | Chester A. Arthur was sworn in as the 21st president of the United States, succeeding James A. Garfield, who had been assassinated. | | Government | Election | | Chester A. Arthur |
", "| 1881 | 10 | 25 | Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain. | He will become a famous painter and sculptor in France and will father two children with Francoise Gilot. His work will include 'Gilot,' and 'Self-Portrait with a Palette'. He immortalized the French aperitif Pernod by including it in many paintings. | Birth | Other | | Pablo Picasso |
", "| 1881 | 10 | 26 | Wyatt Earp, his two brothers and 'Doc' Holliday showed up at the OK Corral in Tombstone, Arizona | They were there to disarm the Clanton and McLaury boys, who were in violation of a ban on carrying guns in the city limits. Billy Clanton and Tom and Frank McLowery were killed and Earp's brothers were wounded. This was the notorious 'Showdown at the OK Corral.' | Law | Crime | Gun | Wyatt Earp |
", "| 1881 | 11 | 7 | Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday, two participants in Tombstone, Arizona's, famous Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, were jailed as the hearings on what happened in the fight grew near. | | Law | Crime | | Wyatt Earp |
", "| 1881 | 11 | 14 | Charles J. Guiteau went on trial for assassinating President Garfield. | He was convicted and hanged the following year. | Law | Crime | | Charles J. Guiteau |
", "| 1881 | 11 | 15 | The American Federation of Labor was founded. | | Economics | Labor | | |
", "| 1881 | 11 | 17 | The Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Union of the United States was formed under Samuel Gompers. | This was a precursor to the American Federation of Labor. Gompers emigrated from England to New York with his family as a boy. He grew up working in a sweatshop and amid discussion about labor reform. Gompers led the AFL for 40 years. He sometimes used strikes and boycotts to demand workers' rights. He successfully changed the unionism of the 19th century in the United States, uniting different labor groups and keeping away from political influence to guide American laborers. | Economics | Labor | Union | Samuel Gompers |
", "| 1881 | 11 | 25 | Pope John the 23rd was born Angelo Roncalli near Bergamo, Italy. | | Birth | Other | | Pope John the 23rd |
", "| 1881 | 12 | 1 | Virgil, Wyatt and Morgan Earp were exonerated in court for their action in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona. | | Law | | | Wyatt Earp |
", "| 1881 | 12 | 10 | Viscount Alexander of Tunis was born. | He will be a British soldier and take title from his part in the Allied victories in North Africa. | Birth | Soldier | | Viscount Alexander of Tunis |
", "| 1881 | 12 | 20 | Branch Ricky was born | He will become President of the Brooklyn Dodgers and will make Jackie Robinson the first black man to play in the modern major leagues in 1947. | Birth | Other | | Branch Ricky |
", "| 1881 | 12 | 0 | German-born illustrator Thomas Nast made his familiar illustration of 'Merry Old Santa Claus' in Harper's Weekly. | | Culture | Art | | Thomas Nast |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Claude Monet painted his landscape 'Paysage Dans L'Ile Saint Martin.' | It later ended up in the corporate collection of Reader's Digest. | Culture | Art | Painting | Claude Monet |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Pierre-Auguste Renoir painted 'On the Terrace.' | It is a picture of a young woman and a pink-cheeked child with the Seine in the background. | Culture | Art | Painting | Pierre-Auguste Renoir |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Rodin sculpted his 'Eve.' | | Culture | Art | Statue | Rodin |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Shibata Zeshin made a book of lacquer paintings on paper In Japan. | It was a medium that he alone mastered. | Culture | Art | Painting | Shibata Zeshin |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | 'What Mrs. Fisher Knows About Southern Cooking' by Abby Fisher was published by the Women's Co-operative Printing Office. | | Culture | Literature | Book | Abby Fisher |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Helen Hunt Jackson wrote 'A Century of Dishonor: The Early Crusade for Indian Reform.' | | Culture | Literature | Book | Helen Hunt Jackson |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Henry James wrote his novel 'The Portrait of a Lady.' | He also wrote his novella 'Washington Square.' Both books were later made into films. | Culture | Literature | Book | Henry James |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Dankmar Adler, a Chicago engineer, invited Louis Sullivan to form a partnership. | There was a lot of work in Chicago after the Great Fire that destroyed 18,000 buildings and covered three square miles. | Economics | Business | | Dankmar Adler |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Rev. F.M. Warrington described the mining town of Bodie, California, as 'a sea of sin, lashed by the tempests of lust and passion.' | | Culture | | | Rev. F.M. Warrington |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Judge James Logan produced the loganberry, saying that he invented it and raised it from a seed. | | Science | Invention | | Judge James Logan |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | The only recorded 19th-century incident in which Indian scouts turned against the U.S. Army occurred at Cibicue Creek in Arizona Territory. | White Mountain Apache scouts were asked to campaign against their own kin, resulting in a mutiny against the army soldiers. Three of the mutinous scouts were later court-martialed and executed. | Military | Army | Apache | |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | MJB Inc., a coffee concern, was established in SF. | | Economics | Business | | |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | The Tennessee Coal and Railroad Co. was renamed to the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co. | | Economics | Business | | |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Alice Freeman Palmer became the forward-thinking president of Wellesley College after graduating from the Univ. of Mich. in 1876. | | Culture | | | Alice Freeman Palmer |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | The USS Constitution, Old Ironsides, last sailed under free sail. | It will be restored in 1931 and visited ports on both coasts until 1934. It sailed again in 1997. | Military | Ship | | |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | The city directory of San Francisco indicated 233,959 residents, 428 restaurants, 342 oyster saloons, 18 oyster dealers, 90 coffee saloons, 299 bakeries, 254 retail butchers, 205 fresh fruit sellers, some 1400 grocers and an equal number of bars, 40 brewers and 15 champagne importers. | | Economics | | | |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | The area around Bosnia was annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire | Pope Leo XIII then reasserted the Catholic Church with dioceses in Sarajevo, Banja Luka and Mostar. | Government | | | Pope Leo XIII |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | The Mapuches Indians in Chile made peace with the government. | Their name means 'people of the earth.' | Government | | | Mapuches Indians |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | The French state finally relinquished its hold on the arts and turned power over to the Societe des artistes Francais. | | Government | | | |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Heinrich Schliemann, German entrepreneur and archeologist, donated the treasure he found at the site of Troy to Germany in 1881. | He had dubbed the collection 'Priam's Treasure.' The archeologist bequeathed the treasure 'to the German people for undivided and eternal preservation in the capital of the Reich' in 1880. | Culture | Art | Fine Arts | Heinrich Schliemann |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | The Asahi Shimbun newspaper in Japan became jointly owned by Ryuhei Murayama and Riichi Ueno. | | Economics | Business | | Ryuhei Murayama |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Ottoman forces crushed Albanian resistance fighters at Prizren. | The League's leaders and families were arrested and deported. | Military | Battle | | |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | The currency base of the U.S. declined 60% as the old Civil War bonds are paid off. | This led to panics and instability. | Economics | Money | | |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Fort Hays, Kansas, is the temporary home to the black 'Buffalo Soldiers.' | | Military | Soldier | | |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | 59 Chinese immigrant laborers were killed in explosions at the California Powder Works in Hercules. | They were paid 12.5cents per hour. | Disaster | Explosion | | |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Mary Webb, Scottish religious leader wrote 'The more anybody wants a thing, the more they do think others want it.' And 'The well of Providence is deep. It's the buckets we bring to it that are small.' | | Culture | Literature | | Mary Webb |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Ernst Paul Lehmann made tin toys in Brandenburg, Germany. | His toys included a toy mule that kicked while pulling a cart driven by a clown called 'The Balky Mule.' The toy will be valued at $1,500 in 1997. | Economics | Manufacture | | Ernst Paul Lehmann |
", "| 1881 | 0 | 0 | Bela Bartok is born | He will become a famous Hungarian composer. His works will include the opera: 'Bluebeard's Castle,' and his pantomime score: 'The Miraculous Mandarin,' will first premier in Cologne in 1926. Also he will write: a Concerto for Orchestra, a Solo Violin Sonata, Third Piano Concerto, Four Pieces for Orchestra, and the Contata Profana, a folk ballad for chorus and soloists. | Birth | Entertainer | | Bela Bartok |
", "| 1881 | 2 | 5 | Phoenix, Ariz., was incorporated | Phoenix, Ariz., was incorporated. | Science | Geography | Arizona | |
", "| 1881 | 2 | 10 | Les Contes d'Hofman premieres | The Offenbach opera Les Contes d'Hoffman (Talesof Hoffman) had its premiere at the Opera-Comique. | Culture | Opera | Opera-Comique | Offenbach |
", "| 1881 | 2 | 19 | Kansas prohibits alcohol | Kansas became the first state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages. | Economics | Business | Alcohol | |
", "| 1881 | 3 | 13 | Tsar Alexander II assassinated | Tsar Alexander II was assassinated when a bomb was thrown at him near his palace. | Death | Other | | Alexander II |
", "| 1881 | 3 | 18 | Barnum and Bailey's show opens | Barnum and Bailey's Greatest Show on Earth opened in Madison Square Gardens. | Entertainment | Leisure | Show | Barnum and Bailey |
", "| 1881 | 4 | 1 | Anti-Jewish riots | Anti-Jewish riots took place in Jerusalem. | Law | Crime | Riots | |
", "| 1881 | 4 | 1 | Kingdom post office opens | Kingdom post office in Netherlands opened. | Economics | | | |
", "| 1881 | 4 | 28 | Billy the Kid escapes | Billy the Kid was held in Lincoln County Courthouse jail, near Carizozo N.M., but escaped and killed two guards. He used an1876 single-action army revolver made by Samuel Colt. The gun sold for$46,000 in 1998. | Law | Crime | Outlaw | Billy the Kid |
", "| 1881 | 5 | 12 | Tunis becomes French protectorate | The Treaty of Bardo established Tunis [Tunisia] as a French protectorate. | Science | Geography | | |
", "| 1881 | 5 | 17 | Frederick Douglass appointed recorder of deeds | Frederick Douglass was appointed recorder of deeds for Washington, D.C. | Economics | | | Frederick Douglass |
", "| 1881 | 5 | 21 | American Red Cross founded | Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. | Science | Medicine | Health | Clara Barton |
", "| 1881 | 5 | 24 | 200 people die when Princess Victoria sinks | Some 200 people died when the Canadian ferry Princess Victoria sank near London, Ontario. | Disaster | Accident | | |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 2 | James Garfield assassinated | Less than four months after his inauguration, James Garfield, the 20th President of the US, was assassinated by Charles J.Guiteau, who wished to be appointed consul to France, at the Washington railroad station. Garfield lived out the summer with a fractured spine and seemed to be gaining strength until he caught a chill and died on September 19. Guiteau was apprehended at the time of the shooting and, in spite of an insanity defense, was convicted of murder. Chester Alan Arthur became the 21st President. | Death | Politician | | James Garfield |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 4 | Tuskegee Institue enrolled 30 students | In Alabama Tuskegee Institute enrolled 30 students. It was founded by former slave Booker T. Washington as a normal school and industrial institute where colored people with little or no formal schooling could be trained as teachers and skilled workers. | Law | Abolitionism | Race | Booker T. Washington |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 14 | Billy the Kid is shot and killed | Outlaw Billy the Kid (21), aka William Bonney or Kid Antrim, was shot and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. Billy had been held in Lincoln County Courthouse jail but escaped and killed two guards. The Kid had fled to Fort Sumner and on a tip, Garrett set out toward Fort Sumner to find him, with lawmen John Poe and Thomas C. Kip McKinney. According to some, Pete Maxwell had alerted Poe to the Kid's whereabouts. Many details about Billy the Kid's death are controversial but, apparently, as he was returning to Maxwell's house he came upon Poe and McKinney outside, unsure of whether they were friends or foes. Garrett was awaiting inside, and as the Kid entered the room, Garrett shot him above the heart. His tombstone read: Billy the Kid, boy bandit king. He died as he lived. | Death | Other | | Billy the Kid |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 20 | Sitting Bull surrenders | Sioux Indian leader Sitting Bull, a fugitive since the Battle of the Little Big Horn, surrendered to federal troops. | Military | Battle | Surrender | Sitting Bull |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 22 | The War of the Rebellion is published | The first volume of The War of the Rebellion, a compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, was published. | Culture | Literature | Book | |
", "| 1881 | 7 | 0 | Greely leads expedition to Ellesmere Island | US Army Lt. Augustus W. Greely led a scientific expedition to Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic and called the site Ft. Conger. 25 American soldiers set forth to establish a scientific base in the Arctic. There were only 6 survivors. In 2000 Leonard Gurttridge authored Ghostsof Cape Sabine, which told their story. | Science | Geography | | Augustus W. Greely |
", "| 1881 | 8 | 6 | Alexander Fleming is born | Alexander Fleming (d.1955), British (Scottish) bacteriologist who co-discovered penicillin in [1928] 1929, was born. | Birth | Other | | Alexander Fleming |
", "| 1881 | 8 | 12 | Cecil B. DeMille is born | Pioneering motion picture director Cecil B. DeMille was born. Before becoming a household name in the early days of movie-making, he attended the New York Academy of Dramatic Arts and in 1900 began working on plays with his older brother William. The director, producer and screenwriter was most famous for his movie The Ten Commandments. | Birth | Other | | Cecil B. DeMille |
", "| 1881 | 8 | 13 | The first African-American nursing school opens | The first African-American nursing school opened at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia. | Law | | | |
", "| 1881 | 9 | 4 | The Edison electric lighting system starts serving customers | The Edison electric lighting system was switched on and went into operation as a generator serving 85 paying customers. | Science | Technology | Electricity | Thomas Edison |
", "| 1881 | 9 | 19 | James Garfield is assissinated | The 20th president of the United States, James A. Garfield, died of wounds inflicted by assassin, Charles J. Guiteau. | Death | Politician | | James Garfield, Charles Guiteau |
", "| 1881 | 9 | 20 | Chester A. Arthur sworn in as president | Chester A. Arthur was sworn in as the 21st president of the United States, succeeding James A. Garfield, who had been assassinated. | Government | | | Chester A. Aruthur |
", "| 1881 | 10 | 25 | Pablo Picasso is born | Pablo Picasso (d.1973), painter and sculptor, was born in Malaga, Spain. He worked in France and a painter and sculptor. Francoise Gilot was the mother of 2 of his children. His work includes Gilot, and Self-Portrait with a Palette (1906). He immortalized the French aperitif Pernod by including it in many paintings. Picasso and Dora was written by James Lord. | Birth | Other | | Pablo Picasso |
", "| 1881 | 10 | 26 | Showdown at the OK Corral with Wyatt Earp | Wyatt Earp, his two brothers and Doc Holliday showed up at the OK Corral in Tombstone, Arizona, to disarm the Clanton and McLaury boys, who were in violation of a ban on carrying guns in the city limits. Billy Clanton and Tom and Frank McLowery were killed; Earp's brothers were wounded. This was the notorious Showdown at the OK Corral. In 1992 the Encyclopedia of Western Lawmen and Outlaws by Jay Robert Nash was published. In 1999 Allan Barra published Inventing Wyatt Earp: His Life and Many Legends. | Law | | | Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday |
", "| 1881 | 11 | 7 | Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday are jailed | Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday, two participants in Tombstone, Arizona's, famous Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, were jailed as the hearings on what happened in the fight grew near. | Law | | | Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday |
", "| 1881 | 11 | 14 | Charles Guiteau goes on trial | Charles J. Guiteau went on trial for assassinating President Garfield. Guiteau was convicted and hanged the following year. | Law | Crime | | Charles Guiteau, James Garfield |
", "| 1881 | 11 | 14 | American Federation of Labor is founded | The American Federation of Labor was founded. | Law | | | |
", "| 1881 | 11 | 14 | Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Union of the United States is formed | Under Samuel Gompers (d.1924), the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Union of the United States was formed--a precursor to the American Federation of Labor. Gompers emigrated from England to New York with his family as a boy. He grew up working in a sweatshop and amid discussion about labor reform. Gompers led the AFL for 40 years, sometimes using strikes and boycotts to demand workers' rights. He successfully changed the unionism of the 19th century in the United States, uniting different labor groups and keeping away from political influence to guide American laborers. | Law | | | Samuel Gompers |
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