1880

• 1880 Spring: Blackwood historical simulation begins
• 1880 Spring: Lumber Town is established southeast of Blackwood
• 1880 Fall: Railroad is completed as far as Lumber Town.
  
• 1880 Military reserves in the eastern and central portion of northern dakota were opened to homesteading.
• 1880  Jan 26, Douglas MacArthur (d.1964), U.S. general in WorldWar I, was born. He was the youngest general in the U.S. Army in WW I.In World War II he was the commander of all U.S. Army forces in the SouthPacific; in Korea he commanded all United Nations forces. William Manchesterwrote his biography: "American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur."
  
• 1880  Jan 27, Thomas Edison received a patent for his electricincandescent lamp.
  
• 1880  Jan 29, W.C. Fields, comedian and actor, was born. His films included David Copperfield and My Little Chickadee.
  
• 1880  Jan, Anselm Feuerbach, German painter and close friend ofJohannes Brahms, died.
  
• 1880  Mar 8, President Rutherford B. Hays declared that the United States would have jurisdiction over any canal built across the isthmusof Panama.
• 1880  Mar 10, The Salvation Army arrived in the United States from England. The organization had been founded in Britain by William Booth,a street preacher. It drew on revivalism and attention-getting tactics.In 1980 Edward McKinley authored "Marching To Glory," a definitive historyof the army. In 1999 Diane Winston published "Red-Hot and Righteous," ahistory of the army's efforts in New York up to 1950.
  
• 1880  Mar 23, John Stevens of Neenah, Wis., patented the graincrushing mill. This mill allowed flour production to increase by 70 percent.
• 1880  Mar 26, Duncan Hines, U.S. restaurant guide author, was born.
  
• 1880  Mar 31, Wabash, Ind., became the first town completely illuminated by electrical lighting.
  
• 1880  Mar, In NYC the Metropolitan Museum opened its new building on Fifth Ave. Its crown jewel was the Cesnola collection of antiquitiesof Cypriot artifacts collected by Luigi Palma de Cesnola. Cesnola was namedthe first director.
  
• 1880  Apr 10, Frances Perkins, Labor secretary, first woman cabinet member in an American Administration, was born.
  
• 1880  Apr 15, William Gladstone became Prime Minister of England.
  
• 1880  Apr 17, National Bell reached a settlement with Western Union and became the American Bell Telephone Co.
  
• 1880  Apr 19, The Times war correspondent telephoned a report ofthe battle of Ahmed Khel, the first time news was sent from a field ofbattle in this manner.
  
• 1880  May 11, A US Marshal and his deputies faced a group of farmers in the San Joaquin Valley of California over a land dispute between thefarmers and the Southern Pacific Railroad. The farmers had developed anirrigation system that turned the land into a rich agricultural area andthe Railroad then claimed the land for itself and won a suit to that effect.Seven men were killed in what became known as the battle of Mussel Slough.
  
• 1880  May 29, Oswald Spengler, German philosopher of history, was born. He maintained that every culture grows, matures and decays. He wrote the book "The Decline of the West."
  
• 1880   Jun 1, The first pay telephone was installed in theYale Bank Building in New Haven, Conn.
  
• 1880   Jun 1, The U.S. census stood at 50,155,783.
  
• 1880  Jun 5, Wild woman of the west Myra Maybelle Shirley married Sam Starr even though records show she was already married to Bruce Younger.
  
• 1880  Summer, Robert Louis Stevenson and his new wife, Fanny Osbourne, honeymooned at Mount St. Helena. He moved to an abandoned mining camp inthe Palisades cliffs above Napa Valley and worked on his novel "TreasureIsland." He made notes for his book "Silverado Squatters."
  
• 1880  Jun 29, France annexed Tahiti.
  
• 1880  Jun 27, Helen Adams Keller (d. Jun 1, 1968 at 87) author,social reformer, educator, lecturer, was born in Tuscumbia, Ala. She losther sight and hearing at 19 months of age from a fever. She received acollege degree and became an author (Let us Have Faith) and lecturer despitebeing blind and deaf most of her life. Helen Keller died in Westport, Connecticut."No matter how dull, or how mean, or how wise a man is, he feels that happiness is his indisputable right." "There is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his."
  
• 1880  Jul 11, Jeannette Rankin, Congresswoman from Montana, thefirst woman in Congress who also voted against U.S. participation in bothworld wars, was born.
  
• 1880  Jul 25, Morris Raphel Cohen, American philosopher and mathematician, was born.
  
• 1880  Aug 1, Sir Frederick Roberts freed the British Afghanistangarrison of Kandahar from Afghan rebels.
  
• 1880  Aug 31, Queen Wilhelmina of Netherlands (d. Nov 28, 1962at 82) was born. She reigned from 1890-1947.
  
• 1880  Sep 12, H.L. Mencken (d. Jan 29, 1956), American author and newspaperman for the Baltimore Sun, was born in Baltimore. He wrote "TheAmerican Language." Nietzschean iconoclast H.L. Mencken referred to "BoobusAmericanus" and was cynical about American democracy. Mencken won fameas a journalist with the Baltimore Morning Herald and Baltimore Sun, editorof The American Mercury magazine and as a literary critic. Very popularin the post-WWI period, Mencken's literary criticism was instrumental inbringing writers such as D.H. Lawrence, Ford Madox Ford and Sherwood Andersonto the fore.
  
• 1880  Oct 14, Apache leader Victorio was slain in Mexico. [seeOct 15]
  
• 1880  Oct 15, Victorio, feared leader of the Minbreno Apache, was killed by Mexican troops in northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico. [see Oct 14]
  
• 1880  Oct 27, Theodore Roosevelt married Alice Lee.
  
• 1880  Nov 1, Sholem Asch, Polish-born American novelist, was born. He wrote "The Nazarene" and "The Apostle, Mary."
  
• 1880  Nov 2, James A. Garfield was elected 20th president. During the Civil War, Garfield was a commander at the bloody fight at Chickamauga.
  
• 1880  Nov 21, Adolph Arthur "Harpo" Marx, inventive American pantomimist who never spoke a line in his many movies, which he starred in alongsidehis brothers, was born.
  
  
  
• 1880  Monet painted "Sunset on the Seine in Winter."
  
• 1880  Thomas Moran painted "Lower Manhattan From Communipaw, NewJersey."
  
• 1880  Berthe Morisot painted the riverscape "Boats on the Seine."
  
• 1880  Renoir began his painting "Luncheon of the Boating Party,"["The Rower's Lunch"] the culmination of a decade of riverscapes. It depicteda scene at the Restaurant Fournaise on the banks of the Seine at a spotknown as La Grenouillere (the frog pond). It was completed in 1881 andsold to Duncan Philips in 1923 for $125,000.
  
• 1880  Vincent Van Gogh ended his career as a theology student and began painting.
  
• 1880  Joaquin Maria Machado de Assis (1839-1908), Brazilian mulatto writer, wrote his novel "The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas." The Oxford Library of Latin America published a new edition in 1998.
  
• 1880  Gen. Lew Wallace (1827-1905) of Indiana published "Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ." Some of book was written while Wallace was livingin Santa Fe at El Palacio as the Territorial governor in the 1870s.
  
• 1880  "Heidi's Years of Wandering and Learning" was published.It was later made famous by a film version with Shirley Temple. It waspartly set in Maienfeld, Switzerland.
  
• 1880  In California Folsom Prison began operations.
  
• 1880  Caroline Romney hauled in printing presses to a tent witha sawdust floor and started the Record in Durango, Colo.
  
• 1880  William Grace, shipping magnate, was elected mayor of NewYork City. His election put the Irish in control of city politics.
  
• 1880  Maria Longworth Nichols founded the Rookwood Pottery firmin Cincinnati. The firm operated until 1941. Decorators for the firm included Albert Valentien, Carl Schmidt, Kataro Shirayamadani and Matthew Daly.
• 1880  The industrial force exceeded the number of people engagedin agriculture in the United States and Germany.
  
• 1880  Tuscon, Arizona. The railroad came into the city.
  
• 1880  Juneau was born when prospectors hit a mother lode on Gastineau Channel. Juneau was settled soon after a gold strike nearby by RichardHarris and Joe Juneau.
  
• 1880  George M. Pullman established his own industrial communityat Lake Calumet, south of Chicago. His company town provided homes for2,500 workers along with schools, parks churches and a hotel.
• 1880  The Przewalski's horse, a wild sub-species of an ancienttype was discovered in Mongolia about this time. 1870s, The Russian explorer,Colonel Nicholas Prjevalski, traveled through Mongolia. The wild horsesof the Mongolian steppes are named after him.
  1880  Woodsmen march west to Wisconsin clearing forests of whitepine, yellow birch, hemlock, maple, and oak.
• 1880  Johnson Chestnut Whittaker, one of the first blacks to attend West Point, was assaulted in his room by three masked men. No one confessed and Whittaker was expelled when the school concluded that he faked theattack. In 1995 Pres. Clinton awards a military commission to Whittakerposthumously.
• 1880  The Serajevo Brewery was built. Builders dug 3 wells down600 feet to provide water for the brewery. The Austro-Hungarian empireruled Bosnia at this time.
  
• 1880  Colonel Olcott and Madame Blavatsky took Buddhist vows inCeylon (now Sri Lanka).
  
• 1880  A British effort to tunnel under the Channel stopped after1 1/2 miles. The Chunnel was completed in 1994.
  
• 1880  The Hermes harness makers of France added saddle-making totheir manufacturing list.
  
• 1880  The French colonized Polynesia.
  
• 1880  Heinrich Schliemann, German entrepreneur and archeologist,donated the treasure he found at the site of Troy to Germany in 1881. Hehad dubbed the collection "Priam's Treasure." The archeologist bequeathedthe treasure "to the German people for undivided and eternal preservationin the capital of the Reich" in 1880. [must have been on the cusp]
  
• 1880  Irish tenant farmers, seeking rent cuts after poor harvests, staged a protest and refused to respond to eviction notices from estatemanager Charles Boycott (thus immortalizing his name).
  
• 1880  Sadiq Bey, an Egyptian army colonel, took the first knownphotographs of Mecca and Medina. He traveled extensively between 1860-1880and kept itineraries of his travels. The photos were sold to the Saudigovernment in 1998.
  
• 1880  In Spain Captain Salvador Ordonez developed a new artillery piece to defend harbors and military installations.
  
• 1880  In Zaire Catholicism became established. In 1980 Pope Johnvisited Kinshasa for the centennial of Catholicism in Zaire.
  
• 1880  Lord Bryce published "The American Commonwealth."
  
• 1880  Blacks fell prey to a resurgent Southern racism that culminated in the rigid system of segregation and exploitation that went by the name of "Jim Crow."
  
• 1880  Henry D. Cogswell, dentist, made a fortune in SF real estate. He was a man of temperance and financed a number of fountains that weredonated to cities in America, including the one in Washington D.C. on 7thSt.
  
• 1880  The Rockland Lime and Lumber Company burned local redwoodoff the Big Sur coastline to produce lime from the naturally occurringlimestone. It was then packed into barrels and shipped to Monterey andSF where it was used to make cement. The site later became Limekiln StatePark.
  
• 1880  In great land runs of the US, settlers jumped the gun togo to Oklahoma, which thus became nicknamed the Sooner State. In the Choctaw language, Oklahoma means red human. 
• 1880  There was a petition to Congress by 52 Indians of Yosemiterequesting $1 million to relinquish rights to the valley. There is no recordof any response.
  
• 1880  The Aunt Jemima Manufacturing Co. was founded in St. Joseph, Mo.
  
• 1880  Margarete Steiff went into business making stuffed animals.
  
• 1880  Thomas Edison began zapping animals to demonstrate the supposed danger of alternating current, a mode of power favored by his rival George Westinghouse. This supposedly led to the development of the electric chair for executing criminals.
• 1880 Anti-Semitism in France spread as a creed to the Catholic, royalist right. A belief was rampant that there existed a Jewish "syndicate" whose occult influence had shaped French affairs since the Revolution.This belief inspired "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" and a book byEdouard Drumont titled "Jewish France" that sold through 200 editions.
• 1880  In Germany Louis Doberman, a night watchman and keeper ofthe local dog pound, refined the dog that bears his name into a fiercecreature.
  
• 1880  Namibia was made a German protectorate and the deadly Deutsche Schutzruppe "peacekeeping regiment" quelled the tribes. They eventuallyannihilated 75% of the Herero and Nama peoples.
  
• 1880  El Mahdi, a Muslim leader, united the disparate tribes ofSudan.
  
• 1880 The art phenomenon of "tonalism" was a darker cousin toImpressionism. Some of its practitioners were George Innes, Thomas WilmerDewing and J. Alden Weir.
  
• 1880 Lev Ivanov was the second balletmaster of the St. Petersburg imperial theaters, assistant to Marius Petipa.
  
• 1880 Rodin worked on his "Gates of Hell" over this period.
  
• 1880 This period of time is examined in through an economic perspective by Guilio Gallarotti in his Anatomy of an
• 1880 The Beaux-Arts style defined Manhattan building over thisperiod. It was named after the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris where manyAmerican architects studied. The style reflects a modern interpretationof classical references, e.g. columns, domes, carved marble and workedbronze.
  
• 1880 The population of Congo was halved due to murder, starvation, exhaustion, exposure, disease, and a lowered birth rate due to the exploitation by King Leopold II.
  
• 1880 Lytton Strachey, English biographer: "Uninterpreted truthis as useless as buried gold."
  
• 1880 Oswald Spengler, German philosopher, author of the Declineof the West.
• 1880 Robert Musil, Austrian writer. His work included "The ManWithout Qualities."
  
• 1880 Arthur Dove, American painter, was a native of upstate NewYork and received a stipend from Duncan Phillips at age 50 that allowedhim to paint full time. He reduced natural forms to what he called "extractions" and tried to create the sensory experience of being in nature.
  
• 1880 Channing Pollock, American author and dramatist: "Happinessis a way station between too much and too little."
  
• 1880 B.C. Forbes, Scottish journalist: "You have no idea how bigthe other fellow's troubles are."
• 1880  H.L. Mencken, American author and journalist: "It isthe dull man who is always sure, and the sure man who is always dull.""One may no more live in the world without picking up the moral prejudicesof the world than one will be able to go to Hell without perspiring." "Injusticeis relatively easy to bear; what stings is justice."
  
• 1880 Dame Christabel Pankhurst, English suffragist: "Never loseyour temper with the press or the public is a major rule of political life."
  
• 1880 Kathleen Norris, American author: "Each and every one of ushas one obligation, during the bewildered days of our pilgrimage here:the saving of his own soul, and secondarily and incidentally thereby affectingfor good such other souls as come under our influence."